![]() Rhinos belong to the order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), which includes horses and tapirs. ![]() In the Indian megafauna, the greater one-horned rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis) is one of the five remaining species of rhinoceros of approximately thirty genera. The current estimated population of Indian rhinoceros is about 35–40 in Uttar Pradesh. According to their large body size, rhinos exhibit similar life-history traits to other large mammals, such as a slow onset of sexual maturity, few young, high inter-birth intervals, and fertility into old age. Observation of 10 adult females over 47 birth records revealed a higher fertility rate between 8 and 20 years, with a mean inter-birth interval of 4.3 years. Birth rate and mortality rate were 0.17/year and 0.05/year, respectively. The rhino population increased steadily in the Dudhwa NP and reached asymptote. Seven rhinos were brought from Assam and Nepal to start the seed population, including two males and five females. Based on secondary data collected from the study area (1984–2021), we analyzed the rhino population’s life-history traits. ![]() Having formerly been a habitat for Indian rhinos, Uttar Pradesh reintroduced them at Dudhwa National Park in 1984. Around 90% of rhinos are confined to Assam, along the Gangetic plains in northeastern India. Due to uncontrolled poaching and land degradation due to human intervention, they lost almost 80% of their natural habitat. India’s alluvial plains once supported the abundance of greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis hereafter rhino). ![]()
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